Second Annual Real Estate Profits Summit
May 28, 2008
![]() |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Hotelul Alpin din Poiana Brasov se extinde cu inca 96 de apartamente. Agentia Euroest anunta ca a incheiat contracte pentru 30 dintre cele 96 de apartamente ce alcatuiesc noua investitie. Cele mai cautate sunt apartamentele cu vedere la partiile de schi, sustin cei de la Euroest, agentul de vanzari exclusiv al proiectului. Hotelul Alpin este unul dintre cele mai bine cotate hoteluri din Poiana Brasov, iar proprietarului i-a venit ideea sa il extinda in urma intrebarilor clientilor, repetate mai gluma, mai in serios, daca nu vinde cumva apartamentele cu vedere la partiile de schi. Ritmul vanzarilor demonstreaza ca dezvoltatorul a fost inspirat, din moment ce Euroest anunta vanzarea a 30% din unitati in doar o luna de la lansarea proiectului.
Targul de Case Real Bucharest 22 – 25 mai 2008
May 22, 2008
| Dupa succesul reconfirmat de a III–a ediţie a târgului ce s-a desfăşurat în toamna anului trecut cu rezultate deosebite, în primăvară, TÂRGUL DE CASE Real Bucharest îşi propune o consolidare a poziţiei câştigate, şi anume de cel mai atractiv eveniment de profil de pe piaţă.O suprafaţă de expunere mărită (peste 1 000 mp per total) va permite fiecărui vizitator să identifice cele mai bune oferte ale pieţei imobiliare din România. |
TÂRGUL DE CASE Real Bucharest va fi deschis publicului larg în perioada 22 – 25 mai 2008, la Sala Palatului, în intervalul orar 10,00 – 19,00* *cu excepţia zilei de duminică când programul se încheie la ora 16,00. Intrarea este liberă. Vă invităm să luaţi parte la târgul imobiliar nr.1 organizat în capitala |
Cele mai noi şi mai avantajoase proiecte rezidenţiale vor ţine capul de afiş al târgului! Numai la TÂRGUL DE CASE Real Bucharest veţi afla primii despre noutăţile în domeniul imobiliar, care în viitor vor face diferenţa. Camere spaţioase, garaj, pază, locuri de joacă pentru copii, spaţiu verde vor aduce în scurt timp mai aproape de noi stilul de viaţă occidental. |
Sectorul imobiliar se reuneste la Realty 2008
May 15, 2008
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Gijs Klomp |
|
|
Costel Florea |
|
|
Ionut Bordei |
|
|
Anthony Willats |
|
|
Corneliu Belciug |
Investments in Romania – Cluj area
May 10, 2008
Here is some useful info if you’d like to invest in Romania – Cluj area.
| Romanian legislation - only in Romanian - http://domino2.kappa.ro/mj/superlex.nsf/All/Biblioteca |
| Cluj map Locate the desired objectives, click on the map, then choose from the Navigator menu. |
| Informations about Cluj only in Romanian http://www.primariaclujnapoca.ro/ |
| Useful information for investors The Agency’s mission is to be the Government leading body for providing consultative services to foreign investors that will attract, retain, and grow foreign direct investment in Romanian economy, as a result of a friendly and attractive business environment for developing investment projects. http://www.arisinvest.ro/ |
Romanian real estate market overview 2007
May 10, 2008
Regarded as one of the most profitable sectors, the real estate sector continues to generate important incomes for those who are willing to invest in this field. One out of seven British people would be willing to invest in the Romanian or Bulgarian real estate market. This percentage may seem a little bit overblown but, on the other hand, it may be generated by an ever more striking interest for the Eastern European real estate market, a market still characterised by the obtaining of investment efficiencies much higher than the ones obtained by other markets. The situation encountered nowadays in our country may be compared, to a certain measure, to the one felt first in Spain and then copied by Greece. If in these areas the fear of a financial collapse of the real estate market is ever more acute, Romania continues to be seen as a significant pole for the attraction of investments, at least for a future period of 4-5 years. Spain knew within the last 8 years a 150% increase of the prices in the real estate area, in conditions where the real estate market was much more stable than the one in Romania. This strong increase led to prognoses which preview nevertheless for 2008 a decrease of prices of 5%.
Beyond these simple comparisons about prices per square meter or about the stability or lack of it of the national currency or even about Romania’s integration into the European Union, Romania’s situation is very different and it results in the first place from a great need of location units.
2007 meant a truly important moment for Romania, the European integration increasing the interest for the national real estate market, first of all due to the increased accessibility on the market. In the beginning of the year 2007, the comparisons never ceased to appear, the rumours being many times the main element in the tracing of prognoses of the market. Thus there were rumours about a strong decrease of prices (taking into account the examples of Hungary and Poland), but also of a strong increase as a result of the appearing on the market of a large number of investors. In the end, the situation was less serious, in most of the areas the increases of the market following an evolution comparable with the previous years.
And speaking about comparisons, Romania still has a long way to evolve, although 2008 announces an estimated value of the construction market of over 12 billion euros. Looking at only some of the data presented below we can see the impact on the national level of the over 19 years where there has been little building, if not none at all in some areas. As a telling example, the vast majority of the constructions in Cluj-Napoca were built in the years 1970 – 1980, the North-Korean architects hallmarking many of the neighborhoods of the city.
As a result of the working zeal of the communist period, nowadays Romania can „boast” with an average surface per lodging of 38 square meters and a surface of 14.43 square meters of inhabitable space per person. From here, we can start some of the comparisons: Poland had, in 2005, 22.9 square meters/person, Hungary 28 and Luxemburg (with 49 sq.m./person) and Denmark (with 52.4 sq.m./person) already seem to be playing in a superior league. As for the average surface per lodging, Poland was over 69 square meters, Hungary over 75 square meters, and Austria and Denmark reached 93.9 and respectively 113.1 square meters per lodging.
As for Cluj county, the differences are not significant from the national average, reaching nowadays an average surface of 39.76 square meters of inhabitable space and an average surface / person of 15.18 square meters.
Beyond the visible need of inhabitable spaces at standards, if not European, at least acceptable, these numbers must also be correlated with the purchasing power recorded in Romania. This purchasing power is measured as the proportion between the index of the net nominal average income and the index of consumption prices. From this point of view, a Romanian has an average annual purchasing power of approximately 3000 Euros as compared to a Swiss who has an annual capacity of over 27.000 Euros. And from the point of view of economic development there are multiple areas where Romania still has to evolve. According to the studies carried out by Eurostat, taking into account the Gross Domestic Product correlated with the purchasing power, Romania occupies one of the last places in the European Union, from the member states only Bulgaria having a smaller coefficient. (Romania 40.6% of the European average).
Nevertheless these transactions in the real estate segment are ever increasing in number, and the supply continues to also find the due demand. An explanation would be the obtaining of mortgage / real estate loans corroborated with different other income sources. Among these, there is the selling of properties and an important element, the amounts coming into the country from the citizens living abroad. In a top realized by the World Bank at the end of last year, Romania is on the 10th place in the world according to the level of the amounts thus transmitted, with an amount of 6.8 billion dollars (~ 4.3% of the Gross Domestic Product in 2007). Even the level of mortgage loans leaves room for a significant development, the share of mortgage loans from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) being for the moment low. According to the data from the National Bank, they represented, at the end of November 2007, 3.4% of the GDP (in the conditions where in some European states this percent exceeds the value of 50% of the GDP). In addition, at present, the classical mortgage loans have a share of 22% of the portfolio of loans given to natural persons, and the consumer ones with real estate warranties have a share of 28%.
Another element that may justify the high level of demand recorded in Romania is represented by a more subjective factor, as compared to the ones mentioned above. We are speaking here about the need for property. This is transposed in practice differently in Romania than in other Western European countries. Even if Romania has a top position concerning the number of owners, with a percentage of 95% of lodgings in the property of the people occupying them, the “appropriations” made during the communist years deeply inoculated in the national conscience the need to own a lodging. This is correlated in addition with a low standard of lodgings built during the communist period, fact “pushing” the population towards the segment of new constructions. According to a study carried out by UniCredit, although Romania exceeds by far the proportion of lodging owners from countries such as The Czech Republic (46%) or Austria (58%), it has at the same time the largest number of persons interested in the purchasing of a lodging: 11% of the inhabitants would like to make the acquisition within the next 3 years, and other 9% within the next 10 years.
Investing in Romania
May 10, 2008
The legislation in force (Government Emergency Ordinance no. 92/1997 on Direct Investment Stimulation, amended and approved by Law no. 241/1998) defines the following terms:
Direct investment – participation in establishing or expanding of any legal type of company, purchase of shares or social parts in a company, excepting portfolio investments or establishing and expanding in Romania a branch of a foreign company through:
• financial contribution in national currency or convertible currency;
• contribution in kind – fixed or/and mobile assets, tangible or intangible;
• participation in increasing a company’s assets, through any legal financing way
Portfolio investment – obtaining stocks on the organized and regulated capital markets and which do not allow the direct participation to the administration of the companies;
Investor – natural or legal person, resident or non-resident, located or having permanent headquarters in Romania or abroad, that is investing in Romania , in any of the ways provided above.
The Ordinance is also stipulating the common rights and guarantees for investors.
According to Romanian law, foreign investor’s benefit of the national standard of treatment, i.e., non-resident investors have the same rights as any resident investor. There is no statutory limitation on foreign participation into commercial companies established in Romania; a foreign investor may establish or acquire a 100% enterprise in Romania. Foreign investors may participate to the capital of a corporation in any of the forms the admitted by law, including foreign currency, equipment, services, rights of intellectual property, know-how and management expertise as well as proceeds and profits from other businesses in Romania. The Romanian law guarantees investments’ protection against nationalization, expropriation and other similar measures of deprivation of property.
The current legislation is cored on certain general principles, recognizing to any investor, Romanian or foreign, among which the following:
• Freedom to invest in any form and by any method allowed by law;
• The possibility to invest in any sector and under any corporate structure admitted and regulated by law;
• Equality of treatment – fair, equitable and non-discriminatory treatment- for Romanian or foreign investors, residents or non-residents;
• Guarantee against nationalization, expropriation or any other measures with similar effect;
• The right to benefit from customs and fiscal incentives set forth by law under the terms and conditions required by law;
• The right to obtain assistance in dealing with administrative formalities;
• The right to own movable and immovable assets; the 2003 Constitution of Romania, provides that aliens, either foreign citizens or stateless persons, may acquire land only under the terms and conditions resulting from Romania’s accession to EU and other international treaties, on mutual bases and complying with organic laws, as well as a result of legal inheritance under the laws of intestacy;
• The right to elect the competent municipal court or arbitration tribunal to settle potential investment-related disputes within the statutory limits of public policy rules. Romania is a party to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards.
Non-resident investors benefit from:
• The right to transfer abroad without any restriction, after paying the legal taxes and levies, the following incomes in foreign currency:
- dividends or profit obtained by a company, Romanian legal person, in case they are shareholders or partners;
- revenues obtained by a partnership, as well as the incomes resulted from selling the stock;
- the amounts obtained from company liquidation, according to the Companies Law No. 31/1990 republished, or to the Bankruptcy Law No. 64/1995 republished;
- the amounts obtained as compensations against expropriation or any other equivalent measure;
- other incomes, according to the investment type.
Such transfers may be made in the initial investment currency.
• The right to enjoy the most favorable treatment provided either by the Romanian legislation or agreement for mutual protection of investments, or another law.
Special rights can be granted for non – residents based on international treaties for mutual promotion and protection of investments.
In order for the investments to enjoy the incentives provided by the Law, they have to meet the following conditions:
1. Are done after the coming into force of the Law, natural or legal persons, subjects of private law
2. The contribution to the direct investments with significant impact on economy consists only in liquidities in lei or convertible foreign currency
3. Are completely finalized within 30 months at the latest as of their statistic registration with the Ministry of Development and Prognosis
4. Do not infringe the environmental protection legislation
5. Do not violate the interests of security and national defense of Romania
6. Do not harm public order, health or morality.
In order to benefit from the incentives provided by this law, the investors should make a registration of their investment project, only from the statistical point of view at the corresponding Regional Development Agency.
New direct investments, qualifying as being of major importance to the national economy, shall be also presented to the Department for the Relation with the Foreign Investors.
Incentives
The investments made according to the Law no. 332/2001 benefit from the following incentives, reinforced by the Fiscal Code:
1. Exemption from the payment of custom duties for the technological machinery, installations, equipment, measuring and control apparatus, automation equipment and software products purchased from Romania or abroad, necessary for achieving the investment, which are according to the list approved by joint Order of the Minister of Development and Prognosis and Minister of Public Finances, providing the goods are new, respectively they have been produced 1 year at most prior to their bringing to Romania and they have never been utilized. As well, starting from January 1, 2002, Romania abolished the custom duties for the industrial goods imported from the EU on the basis of the European Agreement ratified by Law No. 20/1993 – reinforced by the Fiscal Code;
2. Carrying forward the fiscal loss during the following 5 years from the taxable profit – reinforced by the Fiscal Code;
3. The use of accelerated depreciation, according to the specific legislation in force, with no obligation for a prior approval from the local fiscal authorities – reinforced by the Fiscal Code;
4. Other incentives that can be granted by the local authorities – reinforced by the Fiscal Code
Also, as a guarantee for the new investors qualifying under the provisions of the Law no. 332/2001, the Law provides that the investments made in Romania cannot be expropriated except for cause of public utility and that the legal regime applicable under this law stretches throughout all the period of the investment.
Penalties
Investors are bound to preserve their investment for at least 10 years. Failure to do so entails retroactive payment of all taxes and charges applicable in the absence of special incentives, plus payment of delay penalties accrued thereof. In addition, investors transferring within less than 2 years the assets subject to incentives may be penalized by reimbursing the money equivalent of these incentives and all related delay penalties.
Small Medium Sized Enterprises
SMEs sector is a key factor for the development of the free market in Romania, having the greater absorption capacity of the manpower and the greater flexibility and mobility in adjusting to the market demands. SMEs sector covers over 97% of the total number of companies.
Law no. 346/2004 on the establishment and development of small and middle sized enterprises created an encouraging framework for the establishment and development of micro-enterprises (maximum 9 employees), small enterprises (between 10 to 49 employees) and middle-sized companies (between 50 to 249 employees).
Compliance Conditions
In order for the companies to benefit from the incentives provided by this Law, they must comply with the following conditions:
1. Have a medium annual number of employees less that 250
2. Make an annual turnover up to 8 million EURO or the result of the annual balance sheet does not exceed 5 million EURO.
3. To be independent, meaning that they are not owned more that 25 % by another company or group of companies that can be qualified as SMEs.
Incentives
Law no. 346/2004 and the Fiscal Code provide for the following incentives:
1. Possibility to carry forward the fiscal loss during the following 5 years from the taxable profit;
2. The SMEs have priority access to the assets of the Regies Autonomes, companies or National Companies and state owned companies;
3. The use of accelerated depreciation, according to the specific legislation in force, for machines, installations, equipment and know-how providing that the enterprise does not register losses;
4. The SMEs have priority access to the public acquisition of goods, benefiting of 50% discount.
Taxation
The Fiscal Code offers an attractive legal framework for the establishment and development of micro-enterprises (maximum 9 employees).
Compliance Conditions
In order for the companies to benefit from the incentives provided by the Fiscal Code, on December 31 of the previous year they must comply with the following cumulative conditions:
1. Develop production activities for goods, provide services or/and develop trading activities
2. Have up to 9 employees
3. The income represent the equivalent in ROL of maximum EURO 100,000
4. Are entirely private-owned
Incentives
The private legal entities qualified as micro-enterprises, which comply with the above conditions, enjoy a special regime of taxation consisting in an income tax of 3%, calculated on the income of the company
Government Emergency Ordinance no. 24/1998 on Disadvantaged Zones, as republished and further modified, provides several incentives applicable to investments made in disadvantaged zones of Romania.
Conditions
The disadvantaged zones are strictly limited geographical areas and must meet one of the following conditions:
1. The local unemployment level is at least three times higher than the national level for the last 3 months foregoing the month the documentation for declaring it a disadvantaged zone was prepared;
2. The region is isolated, lacking communication means and appropriate infrastructure.
Disadvantaged zones shall be established for a period of between 3 to 10 years by Government decision, upon the proposal of the National Council for Regional Development.
Incentives
Private companies, as well as private entrepreneurs or family-held associations, which are headquartered and carry out their activity in a disadvantaged zone, have the benefit of being exempted from the tax on profit for the new investments made by legal persons that obtained the permanent certificate of investor in a disadvantaged zone before July 1, 2003. The exemption is valid for the whole period of existence of the disadvantaged zone.
The companies that operate in the disadvantaged zones benefit from the fiscal incentives provided above up to the maximum limit of the state aid intensity provided by the Rules regarding the regional State Aid issued by the Competition Council.
At present, 32 zones have been declared disadvantaged zones. Among them, are areas placed in the following counties: Alba, Hunedoara, Harghita, Gorj, Bihor, Caras-Severin, Salaj, Maramures, Bistrita-Nasaud, Prahova, Bacau, Suceava, Covasna and Tulcea.
By the Order no. 1/2000, the National Agency for Regional Development established specific investment sectors subject to disadvantaged zones regime, as follows: agriculture, forestry, forest exploitation, fishery and fishing activities, extraction and processing industry, electric and thermal power, gas and water, constructions, wholesale and retail trade, repairing and maintenance of auto vehicles, motorcycles, personal and household goods, hotels and restaurants, transportation and storage activities, real estate transactions, lease-related and service performance activities, health and social insurance, other activities of collective, personal or social services.
The free zones are decided by the Government, following the proposals made by interested ministries and by local public administration.
Incentives
The incentives provided by the Law, reinforced by the Fiscal Code are:
1. Exemption from payment of custom duties for carrying the goods from one free zone to another.
• All financial transactions carried out in hard currency for the activities developed in the free zones.
• The state owned goods and the related services that are in the administration of the Free Zones may be subject to concession upon concluding a Concession Agreement for up to 49 years. The above-mentioned assets that are in the administration of the Free Zones may also be leased based on a Lease agreement concluded with the Free Zone Administration.
• For the investments within the Free Zones, the operators may benefit from a state aid up to 65% of the value of the investment.
• Exemption from paying VAT for:
a. imported goods that are introduced into the Free Zone for the sole purpose of being stored in the Free Zones
b. trade operation inside the Free Zones or between merchants inside and outside the Free Zone
c. exit of imported goods from the Free Zone
d. services in connection with the above activities.
2. Investors that develop activities within a free zone, that started their investments with a value exceeding USD 1 mil., before July 1, 2002, in manufacturing industry, benefit from exemption for paying tax on profit until December 31, 2006. The investors that have changed their shareholding structure with more than 25% within a year do not benefit from the above-mentioned incentive.
3. 5% tax on profit until December 31, 2004.
The present free zones are: Sulina, Constanta Sud, Basarabi, Galati, Giurgiu, Braila and Curtici
Industrial Parks
Law No. 490/2002 for the approval of the Government Ordinance no. 65/2001 on the establishment and operation of industrial parks provides attractive incentives for certain investment.
According to the legislation in force, industrial parks are limited zones in the boundaries of which economic, scientific research and/or technological development activities, industrial manufacturing and services for scientific research or technological development are developed by using the human and material potential available in the region.
The industrial park is developed based on the association between the public or local administration authorities, economic agents, research institutes and other interested partners.
The Ministry of Development and Prognosis is the public authority entitled to establish the title of an industrial park for a period not less than 15 years, based on the request of the interested parties.
The industrial park license may be granted only to companies acting solely in the industrial parks, called the managing companies.
Compliance Conditions
The land related to the industrial park has to comply cumulatively with all the following conditions:
1. To ensure access to national or European roads;
2. To have a surface of at least 10 ha;
3. To be owned or used for at least 30 years by the association requesting the industrial park license;
4. To lack any encumbrance;
5. Not to make the object of any pending litigation in respect of its legal status;
6. To fulfill all the technical requirements in respect of the environmental protection;
7. If more than one incentive regime is applicable to an investment, the company performing it has to explicitly choose one of them.
Incentives
Companies operating in industrial parks benefit from the following incentives, reinforced by the Fiscal Code:
8. Exemption from payment of taxes for modifying the land destination or land withdrawal from the agricultural use for the industrial park’s land
9. Deduction of 20 % of the value of the investments made in the industrial parks by December 31, 2006 for constructions, building rehabilitation, internal infrastructure and connection to the public utility network
10. Tax exemption for the land and buildings within the industrial parks
11. Tax deduction granted by the local public administration authorities for the real estate used by the industrial park
12. Other incentives that can be granted by local authorities
Technological Parks
Government Ordinance no. 14/2002 on the establishment and operation of scientific and technological parks, as further modified, provides attractive incentives for certain investments, part of them being granted by local authorities.
According to the ordinance, the scientific and technological parks are limited zones in the boundaries of which are performed education activities, research and technological transfer of its results as well as their valorization by economic activities.
The scientific and technological park is established by a partnership association contract between an authorized university and/or a research and development institution on one side and the national companies, companies, local public administration, commercial companies, professional or employers’ associations, natural persons, Romanian or foreign investors on the other side, the partnership association being called “Consortium”. The park is managed by a company appointed by the Consortium that has as only field of activity the administration of the scientific and technological park.
Compliance Conditions
The land related to the scientific and technological park has to comply cumulatively with the following conditions:
1. To lack any encumbrance;
2. Not to make the object of any pending litigation in respect of its legal status.
The facilities of the scientific and technological park have to comply cumulatively with the following conditions:
1. To have location conditions in compliance with Authorization and Suspension Methodology;
2. To have the adequate facilities in order to perform its object of activity.
Incentives
For their establishment and operation, the scientific and technological parks benefit from the following incentives:
1. Tax reduction granted by the local authorities for the fixed assets and land given to the park for its use, as well as other incentives, which may be granted according to the law, by the public local authority;
2. Exemption from payment of taxes for modifying the land destination or land withdrawal from the agricultural use for the land used in the scientific and technological parks;
3. Deferred payment of VAT for materials, equipment and connecting to the public utilities during the investment period until the opening of the park;
4. Development programs for infrastructure, investment and providing equipment granted by the central and local public administration, private companies and foreign financial assistance;
5. Donations, concessions and structural funds for development.
The companies operating in the scientific and technological parks benefit from the following incentives:
1. Favorable location conditions and infrastructure and communication use, by payment on installment basis, ensured or facilitated by the administrator for a determined functioning period
2. Tariff reduction or free of charge services offered by the administrator.
Information provided by: http://www.arisinvest.ro/
Office spaces – Cluj overview
May 10, 2008
After a rather shy start, starting 2006 the office market of Cluj achieved a more significant development, and several important buildings of this segment were launched on the market. Beyond interest raise in relation with these types of developments that went hand in hand with the development of the business environment of Cluj, the market was a rather poorly regulated one. For these reasons and as a consequence of the need to promote each offer at a superior level, we deal with the classification of the office buildings without the existence of any methodology that would permit such a classification.
The hereby analysis tries to underline the evolution of the office buildings segment in Cluj and, at the same time, it tries to point out, without the intention of being exhaustive, the norms followed in the classification of office buildings. Without being a manual to be imposed, the hereby analysis wishes to be an explanatory one, taking into consideration the fact that at the time being the norms that apply in other states do not have direct correspondence in Romania. Still, we feel that such an approach can be useful both for the real estate agents and the future tenants of the office buildings.
Ascending trend on the real estate market
The evolution registered on the Romanian real estate market on the course of the previous year proves the fact that this is still a very attractive one. The ascending trend of the prices, registered on the national real estate market, continued in Cluj-Napoca last year as well.
The period of time between 2006 and 2007 proved to be one of premieres on the local market, since the first class A buildings in town were launched then, together with other office buildings of a lesser significance.
The residential sector rose at its turn, major projects being launched on the market last year, the construction tempo being one of the greatest in the country. Last year 2 times more buildings than in 2005 appeared on the market. According to the announced projects, during 2007-2008, it appears that the construction tempo will register a similar ascending level that being materialized in the future, in approximately 2000-2500 new buildings built per year in Cluj.
As concerns the trade segment important developments have been observed on the market in Cluj, 2006 being synonym to the launching on the local market of the brands Cora and Kaufland. The first two malls of Cluj, Polus Mall and Iulius Mall have been launched as well.
The industrial segment registered a less spectacular growth, in comparison with the other segments, the majority of transactions targeting the logistics branch of the segment.
On the land segment important growths have been registered, some lands having an over 100% growth in the course of a year. These growths have been registered, especially, in connection to the outskirts lands which have relatively cheap prices per square meter.
Office spaces developed starting with 2006
The market segment connected to the office spaces had a rather insignificant growth in Cluj, and it was only in 2006 that true office buildings were launched. This was due to great extent to the development tempo of the business environment in Cluj
Till recently, the majority of the local companies preferred to build their own office spaces rather than rent them. On the other hand the former financial potential of the possible tenants or the rentability rates of the offices in Cluj did not favor the development of buildings to a large extent.
It was only in 2006 that several foreign companies with a superior financial potential entered the market and they constituted, in the end, the great majority of the clients of the new office buildings. Maestro Business Center and Olimpia Business Center represented, as well as the rethinking of the former headquarters of the Agricultural Bank (at present the City Business Center), the most representative office buildings of the year 2006.
This year brought about the launching of other buildings as well, the great majority being placed, from the point of view of their areas’ extent, between 1000-1500 square metres. Located on Calea Dorobantilor Str., near the Courthouse and the Appellate Court in Cluj, the building is the most central A class office building in town.
Territorial development
From the point of view of the way in which the office buidings development took place in Cluj we cannot talk about the organizing of a prevailing area on this segment. The main argument in favour of this development was constituted by the existence of available lands and the building possibilities. In 2006 a focusing of office buildings in the centeral and the semi-central areas could be noticed. In 2007, according to the projects already announced on the market, a spreading of the office buildings in the areas that do not have a tradition on this segment can be noticed. Several projects were started in neighbourhoods like Bună Ziua, Grigorescu, Mărăşti or Mănăştur.
The office buildings’ stock registered a significant growth during the last couple of years, at one point a surplus being registered as regards the offer on this segment in comparison with the necessity existing on the market. Even if this particular situation was registered only on the subsegment of office buildings of over 100 square meters, it led to a staganation of the renting prices in 2006.
Still, once companies with foreign capital and a financial potential good enough as to sustain rent at a higher level entered the market, the situation balanced. In this respect, 2007 registered a growth of the rents levied to a value between 10 and 20% and this also led to a raise in the office buildings’ stock.
If in 2006 sproximately 25000 square meters of office buildings were launched on the market, this year brought about another 30000 square meters, and in 2008, according to the projects already announced on the market, the office market in Cluj will grow rich in other 50000 square meters.
From the point of view of the offer structure, the majority of the existing spaces focus on the segment of small or medium buildings, with areas between 1000 and 4000 square meters. The exceptions are represented by the two class A buildings, Maestro Business Center, launched in 2006 and Power Business Center, launched this year. Both these buildings have a developed area of over 10000 square meters and they are considered from the point of view of BOMA standards class A buildings.
The recent achievment of an office buildings segment in the true sense of the word, on the market in Cluj, led to the building of the spaces offered for rent in areas much closer to the needs of the future clients. Therefore, more and more buildings that offer open space offices appeared, the clients having the possibility to choose, according to their necessities, the way in which the offices should be divided.
The demand structure
The demand of office buildings had an ascending tendency, going hand in hand with the development of the business environment in Cluj. Until some years ago the greatest part of the demand was constituted by local firms that were looking for spaces between 40 and 100 square meters.
The development of the IT segment, in particular, led to a significant growth of the marketable; spaces, nowdays these spaces reach an average of 200 square meters.
The greatest part of the clients existing on the market activate on the IT, financial or banking market or they offer counseling in different areas of expertise. This is somehow natural due to the financial potential of these companies that can afford to pay a higher level rent, many of these companies having a foreign capital and a very strict code as concerns the image that the offices they work in, should have. Noticing the boom that the business environment registers on the market in Cluj, along with the entering on the local market of international giants, it is to be expected that the office buildings segment will register important growths as concerns the marketable office spaces, an increase of the number of firms that will need spaces of over 1500-2000 square meters is to be expected.
Standards for an off-gauge country
The real estate market in Romania is, in general, a poorly standardized one, all the attempts done so far so as to facilitate the implementing of some structures meant to regulate the market, stumbled because of the convienience of some, on one hand and because of all the speculations that one could make on such a market, on the other hand. Beyond this chaos, either on behalf of the developers or on behalf of the real estate agents, practice ended up, as concerns some segments of the market, implementing a terminology that is in close connection to the standards used by some of the international organizations in the field. This has been done purely for advertising reasons. Referring to the office segment in Romania, practice imposed, somehow, an association with the international standards used by BOMA (Buildings Owners and Managers Association), an organisation that accomplished the rules used in the great majority of the office buildings in the USA. Unfortunately, this association did not bring about automatically the implemention of additional set of rules; there were many situations in which small buildings, without any exceptional facilities were catalogued as being class A office buildings, just because they had thermopane glass windows or connection to the Internet.
Although not compulsory in the USA, one having the possibility of working on the market without closely following those standards, these rules represent, in fact, one way of measuring big buildings, allowing the areas, which all inhabitants of the building benefit from, to be measured and divided proportionally. Besides, these standards guide a certain classification of the buildings according to their extent and facilities. In general, for the facilities offered, only the ones compressed inside the building are taken into consideration, without accounting for the proximity of certain objectives. The exception is represented by the fact in which the proximity in question affects (favourably or not) the greatest extent the building.
Class of buildings
Even if, as we have aforehand mentioned, the way in which the classification is done, is a subjective one, the practice differentiates between the following classes of office buildings:
CLASS A
These types of buildings are competing in order to attract the most valuable clients, having rents higher than the market’s average. The finishing works and the systems used are, in general, the newest on the market, the architecture highlights the building within the area in which it is located and its accessibility is a special one.
Besides these elements, the class A office spaces are graded according to their loction, the total building space – especially if this is of more than 10000 square meters, the proportion between the available net area and the sheer area, being of more than 85%- this representing the storey height up to the the paneled through ceiling,– of more than 2.70 square meters, parking lots – more than one parking lot for a rented space of 100 square meters, BMS (Building Management System) – automatic system administration of the building, as well as the the quality of the building’s finishing works and the services offered: reception, security and surveillance system, maintenance and cleaning, cafeteria and restaurant etc
CLASS B
The buildings in this class are competing in order to attract the majority of the clients, having rents in accordance to the market’s average. The finishing works and the services offered can be described as being medium towards good and they are, in general, at the “market’s level”.
CLASS C
In general these buildings address to clients for whom the image plays a less important role in carrying on their activity. The buildings in question have primarily a functional role, without offering exceptional advantages in relation to their location or finishing works. Besides, the rents levied are under the average of the market.
Areas calculation method
The difference made between buildings, based on their location, architecture, finishing works, and facilities has also led to the establishing of a rental areas calculation method, which is different from the method used when calculating the available area.
This was mainly due to the embedment of several design elements in the construction, which all the tenents of the building benefit from, as well as to the existence of several facilities and adjacent areas, serving as office locations.
In other words, for the rent calculation, especially of those buildings belonging to class A, all shared areas already existing in the building, were taken into account (meaning hallways, care centers, conference centers, refectories, etc).
Besides the available area for offices and shared facilities, also part of the storey on which the office is located, for the rental area calculation method, it is also taken into account the shared area of the whole building.
For the rent calculation, it is not necessary to determine the following areas:
- the sheer area of each storey and that of the whole building;
- the floor area of each storey (calculated as the sheer area minus the area of vertical pinmovings)
- the available area of each storey
- the shared area of each storey (calculated as the floor area minus the available area of the storey ) and the shared building area.
The rental area can be derived by applying to the available area some multipliers, previously obtained as a ratio between the storey areas and the available areas, on one hand and on the other hand, as a ratio between the whole building rental area and the whole area, without the shared facilities of the building.
Average Prices
Rent prices charged for class A offices, in Cluj, are at the moment up to 16-19 Euro/square meter. In addition, some building offices having similar subsidies to those from class A, charge prices around 13-16 Euro/ square meter, the location and the finishing works being very important in this respect. Still, the average rent prices for class B offices ranges from 10 up to 12 Euro/ square meter.
If in 2006 the average rent price for available office buildings was about 9-10 Euro/ square meter, we witness in 2007 an increase of this average price, having as main cause the increase of standard demands as concerns subsidies and finishing works. Another cause for this increase is also represented by the growing interest of foreign companies that are investing on the local market. These companies have a superior financial potential and can afford to pay a higher rent. In this respect, the average rent prices at the moment ranges from 10 to 12 Euro/ square meter.
Profitability
Nowadays building offices in Cluj have a 8 to 9 % profitability per year. The main reason concerning the discrepancy between Cluj and Bucharest – 10-12%- is due to the relatively small number of clients that are currently developing businesses in the area and that need office spaces between 500 and 1000 square meters.
It is expected, though, due to the development of the business market in Cluj, adding to this the increasing interest on the market and the emerging on the market of names like Nokia and Emerson that we witness far superior demands for office spaces to those already existing.
Even if there an interest on behalf of investment funds has been noticed, in order to purchase office spaces of big buildings from Cluj, the only transaction ever carried on in this specific area, was with the local investors.
The rent increase per square meter, on the local market can only be generated by the entering on the market of more and more companies with foreign capital that are capable of handling these high rents.
Where to Find the Best Value Lots in Costa Rica
May 10, 2008

You’ll pay big bucks for a home in Costa Rica’s Manuel Antonio,
but look south, and the prices are far lower…for now.
Where to Find the Best Value Lots in Costa Rica
International Living Postcards–your daily escape
http://www.internationalliving.com
Some of the most amazing scenery in Costa Rica is in the southern zone, in an area that runs south of Quepos to the border with Panama. Landscapes here are dramatic–panoramic ocean views…lush tropical rainforest…and sheer jungle-clad slopes, rising sharply away from pristine stretches of sandy beaches.
In a country with an established real estate market like Costa Rica, this sounds like just the type of place that would attract a lot of fervent investors. But it remains under the radar in terms of property development because it’s hard to get to.
— Advertisement —
Dividend Stocks for Big Income!
Social security payments are a pittance … company pension plans are disappearing … and prices for food, energy, and healthcare are soaring! What investments can help you build your wealth and secure a steady future income stream?
Dividend-paying stocks! Some of the most conservative companies out there are paying out more than CDs, money markets or Treasury bonds, and other stocks are yielding 8%, 10, even 20% RIGHT NOW! Plus, there’s also the potential for big capital gains.
Income investment expert Nilus Mattive has put together a whole list of recommendations.
Click here to read more …
***********************************************************************************
The Costanera Highway is unpaved between Quepos and Dominical and the airports are small, local affairs. The airport in Palmar Sur is a one-woman show–she issues tickets, checks baggage, and answers queries, all while you sit on a wooden bench overlooking the small strip, alongside your other co-passengers…all 11 of them. No duty-free or airport food here.
But these are exactly the kind conditions I look for when scouting for a good real estate opportunity as the property prices are low at the moment and infrastructure is set to improve.
Road improvements on the Costanera Highway are already underway and scheduled for completion in two to three years. This should cut the 90-minute trip from Quepos to Dominical to 25 minutes. Combined with plans to construct an international airport in Palmar Norte, due to begin this year and to be completed in 2010 (funds have been allocated by the government), it all adds up to one thing: Property prices are almost certain to climb.
For now, pricing here is among the lowest in Costa Rica. A 1.25-acre-lot close to Ojochal is available for as little as $55,000. Construction costs are roughly $85 a square foot. So for $225,000 you can own your own piece of this tranquil setting in a custom-built, 2,000-square-foot house on a large lot.
That really is a good-value buy considering a 2,200-square-foot condo in Manuel Antonio (nearer Quepos) averages $595,000; and a 1.25 acre lot is listed for $325,000. Compare this to a quarter-acre lot in a development in Tamarindo for $400,000 with valley and lake views.
The climate in the southern zone is tropical, with a dry season from December to April, and rainy season, typically bringing heavy downpours in mid afternoon. The temperature does not vary much and averages 79 degrees Fahrenheit year round. Elevated properties in the area normally have refreshing sea breezes. This is the perfect spot for outdoor activities, from surfing to diving, hiking to bird-watching, and whale-spotting to sport-fishing. The feeling is tropical, fresh, close to nature.
Ronan Mc Mahon
Editor’s Note: Ronan is the executive director of Pathfinder, and contributing editor to Real Estate Trend Alert, a new IL publication for individuals who want to take advantage of global real estate trends long before they become common knowledge. Read more here.
— Advertisement —
Enjoy a million-dollar retirement—without touching your savings.
Each day, a savvy few join the ranks of retirees living like royalty — but on tiny budgets. It’s a secret most people don’t know much about, but easily accessible to most Americans.


Jeff D’Arcy:
Jeff Finney:
Luis Teixeira da Silva
Mike Cobb:
Phil Hahn:
Gregory Lu:
Adrian Niculescu:
Robert Kroesen:
Tom Phelan:
Lief Simon:













